5th Grade Multiplying Multi-Digit Whole Numbers Test with Answer Key (Free PDF)

5th grade multi digit multiplication test – Maths PDF

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This 5th grade multi digit multiplication test covers multiplying multi-digit whole numbers (Common Core 5.NBT.B.5), with a free PDF to print.

Key takeaway: This test helps fifth grade students show that they can multiply multi-digit whole numbers with the standard algorithm, use estimates, and explain mistakes.

Topic: Multiplying Multi-Digit Whole Numbers (5th grade)
Content: 9 questions with point values, about 45 minutes
Standards: 5.NBT.B.5
Answers: On a separate page, so you can try every worksheet problem first
Format: Free printable PDF, US Letter, black and white

This test helps fifth grade students show that they can multiply multi-digit whole numbers with the standard algorithm, use estimates, and explain mistakes. Also, it is worth 20 points and takes 45 minutes.

The nine questions begin with short products, then multiply three and four digit numbers and check a classmate’s product by estimating. Then, later questions find a classmate’s mistake, use an area model, and solve a league supplies story and a bake sale story. Also, the last question checks a product with a zero. Then, show every partial product for credit.

This test covers multiplying multi-digit whole numbers for Grade 5 (5.NBT.B.5). It has 9 questions worth 20 points. You have 45 minutes. Show every partial product and the placeholder zeros. Calculators are not allowed. Check each answer against an estimate.

Time and points

About this test

Grade: Grade 5
Chapter: Multiplying Multi-Digit Whole Numbers
Standards: 5.NBT.B.5
Time: 45 minutes
Total: 20 points

5th grade multi digit multiplication test: questions

1 – Short products [2 pts]

First, find each product.

$483\times6$ (1 point)
$72\times40$ (1 point)

2 – Three digits by two digits [3 pts]

Next, find the product: $365\times24$.

3 – Four digits by two digits [2 pts]

Then, find the product: $2{,}148\times36$.

4 – Is it reasonable? [2 pts]

Diego finds that $692\times41=28{,}372$. Round each factor to its greatest place to estimate the product. Is Diego’s answer reasonable? Explain.

5 – Ethan's work [2 pts]

Ethan finds $36\times52$ by writing $36\times2=72$ and $36\times5=180$, then adding to get 252. Explain his mistake and find the correct product.

6 – Area model [2 pts]

First, the area model shows $46\times38$. Find the four partial products and the total.

Area model.

7 – Little League supplies [3 pts]

Next, a Little League has 24 teams with 16 players on each team. Every player gets 3 baseballs.

24 teams, 16 players on each team.

How many players are in the league? (1 point)
How many baseballs does the league give out? (2 points)

8 – Bake sale totals [3 pts]

Mei sells 125 cupcakes for $\$4$ each and 86 muffins for $\$3$ each.

Prices.

How much money does she make from cupcakes? (1 point)
Also, how much money does she make from muffins? (1 point)
How much money does she make in all? (1 point)

Question 9 and after

9 – Check 507 times 20 [1 pt]

Liam says that $507\times20=1{,}014$. Is he correct? Explain.

Key facts behind this 5th grade multi digit multiplication test

Key facts

A partial product comes from multiplying by one digit of the bottom number.
Next, write a placeholder zero when you multiply by tens, hundreds and so on.
Add all partial products to get the final product.
Then, estimate by rounding each factor to its greatest place before you multiply.
An area model splits each factor by place value and shows the same partial products.

Common mistakes with this 5th grade multi digit multiplication test

Students explain a classmate’s mistake without naming the digit. Instead, say that the tens digit was multiplied as ones.
Students round each factor to the nearest ten instead of the greatest place. Also, read the directions for the rounding place.
Students answer only the first part of a three part story. Each part earns a point. Slow down at that step and check it twice.
Students forget a zero when they multiply by a number like 30. Write the placeholder zero first. Slow down at that step and check it twice.

Test-taking strategy

Estimate every product before you multiply. A quick estimate catches missing zeros. Repeat this habit on every problem for the best results.
Write each partial product on its own line. Clear lines help you add correctly. Repeat this habit on every problem for the best results.
Parents can review the night before by asking the child to multiply a two digit by a three digit number.

Download the 5th grade multi digit multiplication test as a PDF with the button below and keep it with your notes.

5th grade multi digit multiplication test: frequently asked questions

How do I check a classmate’s product with an estimate?

Round each factor to its greatest place and multiply. If the exact product is far from the estimate, it is not reasonable. If it is close, it may be right, so also check by multiplying.

How do I explain a mistake with place value?

Say which digit was used and what it stands for. If someone multiplies by 3 instead of 30, say that the 3 is in the tens place, so it stands for 30. Then give the correct product.

What should I show on a multi-part story?

Write each product, label it, and answer each part in order. Parts depend on each other, so a correct first step helps the later parts. A quick check like this takes only a few seconds and prevents most errors.

All Grade 5 chapters: Grade 5 math.

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